Time and Mechanics framework

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Time Mechanics Framework: Time as a Field of Energy
The "Physics of Time," pioneered by Dr. Ibrahim Hanna, redefines classical mechanics by treating time as a field of energy, unlocking sustainable technologies like the patented Relative Motion Combustion Cylinder [US-10781770-B2, US-11352942-B2, EP3728866B1]. 

Presented at the American Physical Society (APS) conference on April 13, 2019, in Colorado, this framework introduces a novel energy equation, E(t) = (1/2) M_f g^2 t, validated by Converge CFD simulations showing ~40% higher work output and mean effective pressure (MEP) of ~180 bars. Conception of E(t)

The E(t) equation emerged from 2017-2018 simulations of a two-piston cylinder, where a floating piston competes with combustion gases for volume, creating a "negative mass" (displaced fluid void). 

Initial tests failed due to applying Pascal’s Law as a function of position. By 2018, we redesigned the floating piston to move with the main piston, reducing acceleration time (e.g., from 26 m/s to 13 m/s) and doubling MEP. This revealed that time under acceleration drives energy gains, leading to E(t) = (1/2) M_f g^2 t, where: 

• M_f: Effective mass (kg) from combustion pressure, adjusted to gravitational equivalence. 
• g^2: Combined accelerations (m^2/s^4), of piston motion and pressure dynamics. 
• t: Time under acceleration (s),akin to a Virtual Physical Distance (VPD).

Presented at APS 2019, E(t) models power (Joules/sec) in open systems, with advisor John Basic Sr. endorsing its public disclosure as a non-trade secret. 

And that can in classical mechanics read, for a similar fuel input, decreasing the time of piston's acceleration, will cause an increase in the mean effective pressure and the power output as a result, and that is not how conventional engines are built today.

Also, Power output = constant* power input/ t 

In one aspect, altering the fluid dynamics of combustion cylinders during a power stroke, creates an open system which needs new mathematical tools that can help modify designs fast and efficient. In another aspect when such tools like an equation as a function of time E(t) proves sensitive to changes in fuel input or in design alteration, what we have then is a new framework of science that can address motion as a function of time based new mathematical tools.

 

To read our equation E(t) in plain English, we may say: 

as a Function of Time, to achieve certain power output, we will need less fuel input, when Time is tuned down, by design, for a lesser value.

In comparison, in conventional engines, we generate more power by using more fuel and faster piston cycling, which translates as a faster vehicle move and lesser milage reading per unit of fuel, a discrepancy we can eliminate in the Relative Motion engine, designed and based on the Function of Time.

For example, by remodeling the floating piston, we change the main piston surface exposure to combustion force such that the top speed of the piston goes down from 26 m/sec to 13 m/s. Time spent under acceleration will cut by half, and the (t) value in the energy equation as a function of time E(t) =1/2 Mf * g^2 *t is cut in half and the Mf, the effective mass force per second acting upon the main piston, is doubled. We can simply know the expected work output on the run with no further calculations needed. 

To root such procedure in conventional classical mechanics, and to ease peers’ skepticism, we ask an engineer to calculate the MEP and work output when we launch two piston in the same direction inside the cylinder space, both having surface exposure to combustion pressure, and compare that to a similarly sized conventional cylinder, the results will match.  But, the conventional calculations, not only need two pages of math, and many pages of supporting measurements, design documents and simulation coding.

Further, when we simulated a power stroke with readings taken every 0.001 sec, and then integrate the results for the total work out of the stroke, then in a separate procedure, took the readings of the main piston speed and acceleration every 0.001 sec and applied the energy equation E(t) for each reading as well as for the total stroke, we found numbers match the simulation results.

Now what happens if we try to use classical mechanics equations.

Newton F=mA

first requirement is to find the F and m, from simulation results, and that means we will not be able to change designs or calculate work mathematically without simulation trials. and that is a small challenge we suffer of an open system under control.

Now what happens when the open system is out of our capabilities to control like traveling in an open space or under the water of an ocean, what we need then new tools that can serve the function of time.

new framework of science is needed to address motion in open systems and for such framework we introduce the following tools:

Energy equation E(t)

Negative Mass NM ( a metaphor of fluid displacement, rather than an expression of anti-matter)

Acceleration squared (defines motion in open systems)

Virtual Physical distance VPD

Pascal as a function of time

Core Principles 

• Time as a Field: Time drives energy in open systems, like gravity or magnetic fields. 
• Negative Mass: A metaphor for fluid displacement, enhancing efficiency via reaction forces (F = -m*a). 
• VPD: Measures distance in seconds, capturing time-dependent dynamics. 
• Pascal’s Law as a Function of Time: Quantifies energy gains from reduced acceleration time, not position.
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Applications
The Relative Motion Combustion Cylinder: 

• Boosts Efficiency: Halves piston      speed, reducing friction by 70% and increasing torque. 
• Near-Zero Emissions: Optimizes air-to-fuel ratios, eliminating fluid freeze zones. 
• Cost-Effective: Lowers maintenance via reduced vibrations and noise. 
• Versatile: Supports diesel and gasoline engines with variable compression ratios.

Beyond engines, E(t) applies to open systems like space travel, validated by a 2017 water accelerator patent integrating gravity and buoyancy. Join the Future