What is Open-Thermodynamics

Open thermodynamics is a term we adopted to be able to communicate with engineers.

As soon as engineers hear the word 300% efficiency, they face you with a robotic response like" are you talking about over unity?" and every time we had to go through the process of providing details that can rarely lead to productive communication.

One way to cross the bridge was through introducing the term "Open thermodynamics" to descibe an acceptable form of 300% return on energy usage.

Electricity for example can be converted to heat at 95% efficiency,  by operating a heater.

In another method, electricity can operate a pump and a condenser, to transfer heat from an outside atmosphere to an inside space, where the generted heat is at  300% efficiency if compared to transferring electricity to heat.

Also we need to remember, that every system open to motion of fluid, is an open system in terms of thermodynamics, where the 100% mark is an engineer's choice and not an engineer's limit.

In the case of our Relative-Motion cylinder, and when we speek of 300% return, we will be speaking of an open system to thermodynamics, where fluid moves through.

We reject many text books approach to base a work output of a cylinder, based on the chemical content of fuel, where such text books compare an engine thermodynamics to a human body burning calories.

Combustion engines move air and oxygen, and burn fuel in different conditions of tempreture, pressures and volumes, and such pressures and volumes were limited, for hundres of years, to the limited borders of conventional cylinders, while we were able here, with the Relative-Motion cylinder to change pressure and volume to get 300% return based on the same traditional equations used by mechanical engineers, when they calculate a conventional cylinder work.

The result then is, it is an engineer's choice to limit his system to a closed potential of "calories available in each gram of fuel" or to open his system, to fluid flow and to pumping potential, that is open to motion as a function of time and level of accelration, where a return of 300% does not mean a conversion of chemical potential, but a conversion of environment potential, simalr to transferring heat rather than producing heat.